Journal articles: 'American Writers' Association' – Grafiati (2025)

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In 1997, Contours of the Heart: South Asians Map North America won the American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation (Maira and Srikanth). This was unexpected, not because of the quality of the book, but principally because of the little attention hitherto given to those who write about the “new immigrants” of the Americas (including South Asians, Filipinos, Southeast Asians, Africans, and West Asians). Prior to 1997, scholars and writers of South Asian America had been known to skulk in the halls of even such marginal events as the Asian American Studies Association and complain about the slight presence of South Asian American panels. That complaint can now be put to rest.

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Before the European Medical Writers Association (EMWA) and the American Medical Writers Association (AMWA), there was the Mississippi Valley Medical Editors Association (MVMEA). Most medical writers are unaware of the history of MVMEA and of how it turned into AMWA and EMWA. Here, I chronicle the life of Harold Swanberg, MD, who founded the MVMEA and, when it faltered, reinvented it as AMWA. The story begins shortly after the American Civil War, when medical journals were becoming more respected as sources of information and when editors began to be employed as paid, part- or full-time editors. It continues with the rise and fall of the MVMEA and its rebirth as AMWA. Swanberg’s death coincided with the end of his vision for AMWA. However, the new vision for the association – and an international tragedy – allowed AMWA and EMWA to become key forces in developing modern medical writing as a profession.

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The fifty-third annual RMMLA convention will be held 14–16 October 1999 at the Courtyard Marriott Hotel in Santa Fe. Santa Fe Community College and Saint John's College of Santa Fe are the local hosts. Susana Hernandez-Araico (California State Polytechnic Univ.) will speak at the Friday evening banquet on the topic Colonial and Indigenous Theater in Spain's American Viceroyalties. Michael Pavel (Washington State Univ.), a member of the Spokane Indian Nation, will discuss developing outreach to Native American youth. A reading by local writers Miriam Sagan and Arthur Sze will take place at the SFCC Planetarium. Also scheduled are presentations by TIAA-CREF and the Fulbright Teacher Exchange Program, panels on grant writing and scholarly publishing, a preconvention workshop on educational technology, and a raffle of local goods and services benefiting the RMMLA Grant and Scholarship Fund. The schedule of sessions and abstracts of papers can be found on the RMMLA.

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Most of the Albanian literary creators who live and work in the United States of America have experienced their affirmation in their homeland, however, in the case of their exile in the United States of America, they have continued their passion for literary art here. creating important works for the Albanian community, but also for the American one. Adnan Mehmeti is one of those Albanian poets, who will reach his affirmation in the field of letters in the United States of America. He has published several books of poetry, but also non-fiction books. His poetry has been translated into several languages, including English, Spanish, Romanian, and Swedish, and has been featured in several poetry anthologies. He is also the winner of several prestigious literary awards. Adnan Mehmeti works and lives in the United States and is the president of the Association of Albanian-American Writers.

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In 2022 (December 12–14) Havana hosted the International educational and cultural forum “Russian Literature in Latin America: Ideas and Values for the Future of the World”. The forum was organized by the MAPRYAL (International Association of Teachers of Russian Language and Literature) in cooperation with the University of Havana. The aim of the forum is to strengthen interaction among members of academic and educational communities of Latin American countries studying Russia and its cultural heritage. The forum was attended by over 200 delegates — teachers, scholars, writers, translators, literary critics, representing Cuba and other Spanish-speaking countries (Argentina, Colombia, Uruguay, etc.), as well as Russian educational and scholarly institutions. The Russian delegation included representatives of the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskij Dom) and A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO), Pushkin State Institute of the Russian Language, Maxim Gorky Institute of Literature and Creative Writing, Ural Federal and Southern Federal Universities, reputed writers, critics, translators and scholars, among them Evgeny Vodolazkin, Alexey Varlamov, Pavel Basinksy, the representatives of A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, — Vadim Polonsky and Andrey Kofman. Cuban and Latin American Russian studies were also widely represented: at the forum sessions, speeches were made by teachers of Russian, translators, writers, scholars, literary critics, publishers — Omar Lobos, Alejandro Ariel Gonzalez, Ruben Dario Flores, Raul Rodriguez de Silva, Irina Luna and many other reputed professionals whose activities are related to the Russian language and literature.

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In October 2020, Adom Getachew interviewed Nadia Nurhussein about her recent book “Black Land: Imperial Ethiopianism and African America” published by Princeton University Press in 2019. Black Land delves into nineteenth- and twentieth-century African American artistic and journalistic depictions of Ethiopia, illuminating the increasing tensions and ironies behind cultural celebrations of an African country asserting itself as an imperial power. Nurhussein navigates texts by Walt Whitman, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Pauline Hopkins, Harry Dean, Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, George Schuyler, and others, alongside images and performances that show the intersection of African America with Ethiopia during historic political shifts. From a description of a notorious 1920 Star Order of Ethiopia flag-burning demonstration in Chicago to a discussion of the Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie as Time magazine’s Man of the Year for 1935, Nurhussein illuminates the growing complications that modern Ethiopia posed for American writers and activists who wrestled with Pan-African ideal and the reality of Ethiopia as an imperialist state. Black Land was Winner of the MSA Book Prize, from the Modernist Studies Association, finalist for the Pauli Murray Book Prize from the African American Intellectual History Society and shortlisted for the MAAH Stone Book Award from the Museum of African American History.

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A survey of members of the Urban History Association (UHA) undertaken in March 2017 provides information about the character, views, and prospects of urban history in North America. Most UHA members are professional historians. Their age profile is balanced; women and minorities are underrepresented, though their age profile indicates that members will become more diverse. They are researching cities around the world, but focus mainly on the larger U.S. cities. Thematically, their main interests are in planning/design, race/ethnicity, politics, and housing, in that order. Most situate their work on U.S. cities within a national frame of reference; only half believe that there is something distinctively urban about cities. Those who do tend to highlight social, political, and cultural, as opposed to economic, effects. Their intellectual influences are primarily other urban historians rather than more theoretically oriented writers.

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This article attempts to determine the state of the art in American urban history by looking at 1) the frequency with which books are used in syllabi, 2) the contents of the Journal of Urban History for the last five years, 3) the topics of books awarded prizes by the Urban History Association, and 4) the number of libraries that hold copies of the leading books in the field. The conclusions note a loss of influence by such writers as Mumford, Caro, and Warner, a continuation of the emphasis on narrow, modern time periods, and a general decline in the importance of the field. Comments by Timothy Gilfoyle and Carl Abbott contest the latter conclusion.

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One method of assessing the opinions that physicians hold about science writers is to examine the public record, represented by two periodicals: the Journal of the American Medical Association and the New England Journal of Medicine. The citations to the news media that appear in the indexes of the two journals during the last fifteen years yield thirty-four opinion pieces, consisting of editorials and letters to the editor. The timing and content of medical news are of particular concern to physicians. Specifically, they watch for violations of the Ingelfinger Rule and the press embargo system—policies designed to ensure that physicians have access to medical information before it becomes widely disseminated to the general public—as well as errors of medical fact.

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In this updated article, APA Style experts give advice about conquering APA Style based on the seventh edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA, 2020; cf. Hughes et al., 2017). Learning and teaching APA Style can be difficult because of the many rules (Hughes et al., 2017), and the seventh edition added additional rules and changed existing rules that writers are expected to follow. This article is meant to be a resource for those teaching and learning APA Style. The first part of the article covers these new rules. The second part details common writing issues that APA Style tutors often see. The third part gives writing tips and tricks to help in a research methods course. The next part contains APA Style rules that many writers do not know, and the final part has style rules often missing from empirical research submissions to academic journals.

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In 1990 (Fluegeman and Orr) the writers published a short study on known North American cyclocystoids. This enigmatic group is best represented in the United States Devonian by only two specimens, both illustrated in the 1990 report. Previously, the Cortland, New York, specimen initially described by Heaslip (1969) was housed at State University College at Cortland, New York, and the Logansport, Indiana, specimen was housed at Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana. Both institutions recognize the importance of permanently placing these rare specimens in a proper paleontologic repository with other cyclocystoids. Therefore, these two specimens have been transferred to the curated paleontologic collection at the University of Cincinnati Geological Museum where they can be readily studied by future workers in association with a good assemblage of Ordovician specimens of the Cyclocystoidea.

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Lynching became a fact of American life after the Civil War, but it only became an important subject for writers of the Harlem Renaissance in the 1920s and a subject for visual artists in the 1930s. During the Depression, antilynching works were first a reaction to the widespread outrage over the Scottsboro case and then part of the political and legislative efforts to make lynching a federal offense. In early 1935, both the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the Communist Party's John Reed Club held competing art exhibitions that not only condemned lynching but also supported their legislative objectives. After World War II, when Civil Rights legislation became the main priority, images of lynching continued primarily in the works of African-American artists. But in these later works, lynching became the prime symbol of American racism, springing from a black perspective rather than from particular political campaigns or from contemporary experience.

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Compared to other representative indepedence movements, Ilhan New’s activity as a chairman of the Korea Economic Society has received less attention than it deserves. In order to create positive public opinion about Korea in the U.S Ilhan New insisted on the necessity to utilize Korean military power during the Pacific War and on Korean’s capability of building and running their nation post-war. It played a positive role in encouraging the U.S. policy toward Korea to be more beneficial to Korea. However, Ilhan New judged that working through Planning and Research Board and the United Korean Committee in America Mission, to which he belonged, to be limited. Therefore, he created the Korea Economic Society as a non-profit organization. The Korea Economic Society’s main activity was to publish it’s own journal called Korea Economic Digest. It supplemented the limitations of Ilhan New’s previous press strategy that used only Korean activists and KED’s writers consisted of many American experts on Korea. These writers supported Ilhan New’s independence movement and attempted to persuade the U.S. government-related ministries and public-private agencies by citing Korea’s strengths and potential values as seen by non-Koreans. In other words, the Korea Economic Society could be considered a valuable association in that sense that defended and promoted Korea through journalism in response to the U.S. government’s tendency to draw negative conclusions through public researches on Korea during the Pacific War period. In addition, it was unique because it was a private association that reflected New Ilhan’s special independence movement strategy which was to promote Korea through the journalism.

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Este artigo formula algumas reflexões sobre a associação da história com a literatura. Estabelecemos alguns nexos com trabalhos literários de autores latino-americanos do século XX. Nas páginas desses romances latino-americanos desfilam os expoentes de toda uma estrutura de dominação: políticos, velhos aristocratas, oportunistas recém-chegados, fazendeiros truculentos, funcionários públicos subservientes, advogados venais, representantes do capitalismo local, dominados e dominantes. Mostram-nos os vários escritores latino-americanos as ditaduras na sua insanidade grotesca, as repressões cruentas que fazem emergir os movimentos sociais populares. Estão presentes as turbulências do real e imaginário, utilitário e mágico, da dúvida e perplexidade, memória e esperança, do esquecimento e da desesperança, do espelho e labirinto.Palavras-chave: História, Literatura, Espelho, Labirinto, América Latina.AbstractThis article proposes some reflections about the association between history and literature. We have established some links with literary works written by Latin American authors of the twentieth century. In the pages of these Latin American novels the exponents of a whole structure of domination are paraded: politicians, old aristocrats, opportunist newcomers, truculent farmers, subservient civil servants, venal lawyers, representatives of local capitalism, dominated and dominant ones. The various Latin American writers show us dictatorships in their grotesque insanity, the bloody repressions that allow popular social movements to emerge. They outline the turbulences of the real and imaginary, utilitarian and magical, doubt and perplexity, memory and hope, forgetfulness and hopelessness, mirror and labyrinth.Keywords: History, Literature, Mirror, Labyrinth, Latin America.

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Educational materials for clients with cleft lip/palate and their families and materials for the general public produced by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association were analyzed for readability. The SMOG Grading Formula, a simple, fast procedure for predicting grade-level difficulty of written material, and the Fry index of readability, a more lengthy measure of readability, were used to analyze 30 publications. Reading levels were computed, and results ranged from elementary to college level. The majority of materials were written at or above the high school readability level. Results suggest a need for revision of current materials to lower reading levels. Writers should consider the appropriateness of reading level for readers when preparing educational materials.

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Abstract The paper analyses the image of the social classes existing in Romania in the second half of the 19th century as it emerges from the work of the English writer James William Ozanne, the first president of the Anglo-American Press Association in Paris, between 1882-1912. The Romanian society is seen through the eyes of a diplomat with a keen sense of observation, yet also subjective sometimes, who manages to create an accurate depiction of the society of a state which he did not consider to be among the first ranking ones. It is interesting to notice that he borrows “valuable information“ from other writers, especially Vaillant, Regnault and Obedenare, but, unlike other foreign travellers who wrote about the Romanians and their way of life, he is not ashamed to acknowledge this fact. J.W. Ozanne openly admits the fact that he liked the people among whom he had lived for three years, but his book is not a happy one. He did his duty of respecting the truth as much as possible, without entering into too many details, and the image of the social classes that he managed to create is one that enjoys the “right combination of light and shadows”.

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When henry nash smith defined American Studies in 1957 as “the study of American culture past and present, as a whole,” he summarized more than two decades of a wide-ranging and self-conscious critical analysis of culture in the United States and, at the same time, initiated the search for the unified or holistic “method” through which American Studies would, finally, achieve maturity as an (interdisciplinary) discipline. The 1930s were the decade when, as Warren Susman pointed out years ago, the complexity of American culture as well as the culture concept were discovered and discussed in the wider public. We think of the work of cultural anthropology, of the studies in cultural relativism by Margaret Mead or of patterns of culture by Ruth Benedict that emphasized the unity of cultures and often were written with a self-critical look at American culture in mind. What was, however, even more important was the fact that during the 1930s American culture manifested itself as a multiculture, as a culture that was characterized even more by variety, heterogeneity, tensions, and alternative traditions than by the strong drive toward national identity and consensus. Cultural anthropologists, critics, and (“documentary”) writers such as “native anthropologist” Zora Neale Hurston, Constance Rourke, or James Agee (with photographer Walker Evans, in Let Us Now Praise Famous Men) worked out radical new methods and strategies of cultural critique and ethnographic writing in the study of American cultures, in the plural. Thus, historian Caroline F. Ware, writing for the American Historical Association in The Cultural Approach to History, could argue in 1940 that the “total cultural approach” does by no means imply that American culture is something like an organic unity, but that “American culture” is exactly the multiplicity of regional, ethnic, and class cultures and the interactions of these cultures in terms of rhetoric as well as of power, not some “common patterns” or the Anglo-Saxon tradition the “other” groups have to “contribute” to.

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The division of American musical culture into a cultivated and vernacular tradition may be traced in large measure to developments in antebellum Boston. It was there that American writers first argued fervently for the association of Platonic idealism with secular instrumental music, and some of these same individuals established the symphony orchestra as the musical medium most capable of realizing their ideals. Musical developments in antebellum Boston were affected by the class structure, which was closely related to religious preference. The upper class, mostly Unitarian, did not participate significantly in music until the late 1830s. The middle class, mostly congregational, favored religious, amateur performing ensembles. The socioeconomic elite began to support music in the 1830s. Led by Samuel A. Eliot, three-time Mayor of Boston, they wrested control of the Boston Academy of Music from the Congregational evangelicals and made it the premier secular musical institution of the city. The Academy featured the first successful symphony orchestra in Boston and one of the first in the country. Ironically, however, Eliot's motivations, which were articulated in several important articles, harked back to early federal Republican concepts of creating a homogeneous society through a commonly shared culture. They contrasted sharply with the more insular goals of the nineteenth-century socioeconomic elite, who wished to use music as a means of distancing themselves from other segments of society. Eliot's vision ultimately was not realized, but his efforts did much to establish the symphony orchestra in American society as well as the notion of high musical culture itself. As such Eliot is an major, although hitherto ignored, figure in American musical history.

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Enquanto uma busca por “fathers” (pais) no PubMed (o catálogo online da Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina dos EUA) retorna 20.589 resultados, uma busca por “mothers” (mães) retorna 133.407 resultados*, uma diferença de mais de seis vezes. Tais resultados apontam que os pais (ao longo dessa resenha, os genitores masculinos) foram (e ainda são) frequentemente negligenciados em estudos científicos. Mas, com a ocorrência de diversas mudanças econômicas e sociais, as quais afetaram as famílias, novas pesquisas estão surgindo e apontando ligações inesperadas entre pais e seus filhos. A obra “O Novo Papel do Pai: A Ciência Desvenda o Impacto da Paternidade no Desenvolvimento dos Filhos” (Editora Agir, 2015, 1. ed., 224 páginas), de Paul Raeburn, discute muitas das recentes pesquisas de áreas diversas como a Neurociência, a Genética, a Fisiologia, a Psicologia e a Sociologia, as quais apontam para fortes influências paternas sobre os filhos. O autor, um jornalista científico, é ex-presidente da National Association of Science Writers e escreve para revistas e jornais como Scientific American, Psychology Today, Discover Magazine, Technology Review, entre outros.

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In a 10-year-old publication, the author defined aural rehabilitation holistically and indicated that the evidence for effectiveness fell as one moved through the areas of function, activity, participation, and quality of life. Several developments since then warrant consideration. One is an increased recognition that hearing is a cognitive process. In this connection, special attention is being paid to listening effort. At the time of writing, this work is already influencing the design and marketing of hearing aids and, along with direct wireless connectivity, may well impact other components of aural rehabilitation. Another development is the increasing availability of low-cost hearing aids and personal sound amplification products for direct purchase. Combined with developments in self-testing and self-fitting, direct-to-consumer and low-cost hearing aids create an opportunity for dispensing audiologists to develop a more holistic approach to meeting the needs of people with hearing loss—as envisaged in the scope of practice outlined by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and as advocated by numerous writers over the past several decades.

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Abstract The five categories of plants projected by members of the Garden Writers Association of America (GWAA) to have the greatest future demand were herbaceous perennials, native ferns and wildflowers, ornamental grasses, herbs, and ground covers. This survey noted that the two most important plant traits likely to affect future demand are multi-seasonal color/interest and pest resistance/tolerance. In preparation of gardening communications about plants, the most valued sources of information were personal growing experience, readily available information, and success stories from the local arboreta/botanical garden. The type of plant material information most valued by Garden Writers was regional suitability, landscape requirements, and flowering habit.

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IntroductionGwendolyn Bennett (1902-81) is often mentioned in books that discuss the harlem renaissance, and some of her poems Occasionally appear in poetry anthologies; but much of her career has been overlooked. Along with many of her friends, including Jessie Redmond Fauset, Langston Hughes, and Countee Cullen, Bennett was featured at the National Urban League's Civic Club Dinner in March 1924, an event that would later be “widely hailed as a ‘coming out party’ for young black artists, writers, and intellectuals whose work would come to define the Harlem Renaissance” (McHenry 383n100). In the next five years Bennett published over forty poems, short stories, and reviews in leading African American magazines and anthologies, such as Cullen's Caroling Dusk (1927) and William Stanley Braithwaite's Anthology of Magazine Verse for 1927; she created magazine cover art that adorned two leading African American periodicals, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's Crisis: A Record of the Darker Races and the National Urban League's Opportunity: Journal of Negro Life; she worked as an editor or assistant editor of several magazines, including Opportunity, Black Opals, and Fire!; and she wrote a renowned literary column, “The Ebony Flute.” Many scholars, such as Cary Wintz, Abby Arthur Johnson and Ronald Maberry Johnson, and Elizabeth McHenry, recognized the importance of Bennett's column to the Harlem Renaissance in their respective studies, but their emphasis on a larger Harlem Renaissance discussion did not afford a detailed examination of her column.

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Judge Marvin Frankel’s writings in the early 1970s inspired the creation of sentencing guidelines commissions and guidelines rules in twenty-two state and federal jurisdictions. By the late 1970s Frankel’s tentative proposals had been substantially filled out by other writers and reformers; the two most common guidelines models were adopted by Minnesota (1980) and Pennsylvania (1982). The federal guidelines (1987) have been justly criticized, but most state guidelines have been accepted by judges and other practitioners and observers. This sentencing reform model has also been endorsed by the American Bar Association and the American Law Institute. This essay tells the story of how Judge Frankel’s proposal evolved, where and how it was adopted, and how well it has stood the test of time. The essay concludes that Frankel’s critique of unregulated judicial and parole discretion was, and is, correct—such lawless, haphazard deprivation of offenders’ liberty and life chances is unacceptable in any legal system claiming to be governed by the rule of law. The essay further argues that well-developed guidelines, based on Frankel’s elaborated proposal and as implemented in several states, provide the best and indeed the only proven way to meaningfully address the problems of sentencing and parole disparity that Frankel so eloquently identified. But he would want and expect guideline systems to continue to evolve, thoughtfully and steadily coming closer to the shared goals of fair, balanced, and cost-effective punishment. The essay therefore proposes several further reforms, any of which would improve even the best state guideline systems.

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Sel Surya atau Solar Cell adalah suatu perangkat atau komponen yang dapat mengubah energi cahaya matahari menjadi energi listrik dengan menggunakan prinsip efek Photovoltaic . Yang dimaksud dengan Efek Photovoltaic adalah suatu fenomena dimana munculnya tegangan listrik karena adanya hubungan atau kontak dua elektroda yang dihubungkan dengan sistem padatan atau cairan saat mendapatkan energi cahaya. Oleh karena itu, Sel Surya atau Solar Cell sering disebut juga dengan Sel Photovoltaic (PV). Efek Photovoltaic ini ditemukan oleh Henri Becquerel pada tahun 1839Tujuan dari survey literatur atau literature review adalah untuk mengetahui apakah penelitian sebelumnya telah menemukan jawaban atas pertanyaan kita. Hermawan (2009:42) mengemukakan dalam bukunya bahwa jika jawaban atas pertanyaan kami telah ditemukan dalam laporan penelitian lain, maka kami harus memilih topik lain atau memperbaiki hasil penelitian yang ada untuk membuat topik tersebut lebih spesifik. Ada beberapa metode yang dapat diterima untuk menyebutkan referensi dalam bagian survei literatur dan menggunakan kutipan. Publikasi Manual dari American Psychological Association (2001), The Chicago Manual of Style (1993), dan Manual for Writers (1996) oleh Turabian. Dengan penelitian ini diharapkan kita dapat mengetahui perkembangan mobil listrik dan seberapa besar daya mobil listrik yang beredar di Indonesia dan pemanfaatan energi surya terhadap daya mobil listrik yang beredar di indonesia.

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In the work of contemporary writers who explore the racial and social geography of growing up in the American South, fleeting encounters between white and black girls abound but enduring friendships prove to be more problematic to represent. In Ellen Foster (1987), Ellen and Starletta's association stretches across the novel whereas, most frequently in fictions, the points at which black and white women converge and relate tend to be brief and transient, as in Toni Morrison's Beloved (1987) where a heavily pregnant and fugitive Sethe is aided by poor white Amy; or in Thulani Davis's 1959 (1992) where the brief kindness of a white woman is remembered as a significant, if fleeting gesture. I wish to raise questions about the ways in which cross-racial childhood relationships are represented formally and aesthetically. There is often an understandable but troubling literary–critical impasse whereby black girls are contained within the first-person narrations of white protagonists which, whilst explicating the connection between the girls, risk engulfing or subsuming the black “best friend.” I shall examine the ways in which this may be the inevitable result of the Bildungsroman form and consider how the representation of the cross-racial friendship at the heart of Ellen Foster is modified in direct correspondence to the novel's structuring.

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Professor Molefi Kete Asante is Professor and Chair of the Department of Africology at Temple University. Asante’s research has focused on the re-centering of African thinking and African people in narratives of historical experiences that provide opportunities for agency. As the most published African American scholars and one of the most prolific and influential writers in the African world, Asante is the leading theorist on Afrocentricity. His numerous works, over 85 books, and hundreds of articles, attest to his singular place in the discipline of African American Studies. His major works, An Afrocentric Manifesto [Asante 2007a], The History of Africa [Asante 2007b], The Afrocentric Idea [Asante 1998], The African Pyramids of Knowledge [Asante 2015], Erasing Racism: The Survival of the American Nation [Asante 2009], As I Run Toward Africa [Asante 2011], Facing South to Africa [Asante 2014], and Revolutionary Pedagogy [Asante 2017], have become rich sources for countless scholars to probe for both theory and content. His recent award as National Communication Association (NCA) Distinguished Scholar placed him in the elite company of the best thinkers in the field of communication. In African Studies he is usually cited as the major proponent of Afrocentricity which the NCA said in its announcing of his Distinguished Scholar award was “a spectacular achievement”. Molefi Kete Asante is interviewed because of his recognized position as the major proponent of Afrocentricity and the most consistent theorist in relationship to creating Africological pathways such as institutes, research centers, departments, journals, conference and workshop programs, and academic mentoring opportunities. Asante has mentored over 100 students, some of whom are among the principal administrators in the field of Africology. Asante is professor of Africology at Temple University and has taught at the University of California, State University of New York, Howard University, Purdue University, Florida State University, as well as held special appointments at the University of South Africa, Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, and Ibadan University in Nigeria.

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Abstract Introduction: Children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) urgently need new targeted therapeutics to improve their outcomes. Super-enhancers (SEs) are extensive chromatin regions denoted by abundant histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac), which are associated with high-level expression of cell-identity genes, including oncogenes. SE-regulated genes have unique sensitivity to transcriptional inhibitors, allowing for cancer type-specific approaches. Thus, targeting CBP/EP300 (the highly homologous enzymes responsible for catalyzing H3K27 acetylation) may be a specific strategy to target lineage-specifying oncogenes in AML. However, to date, the high degree of homology between EP300 and CBP has limited chemical strategies to tissue-specific disruption. Gene editing studies have shown that CBP, and not EP300, is essential for maintaining normal hematopoiesis, while EP300 regulates AML growth and myeloid differentiation. We hypothesized that selectively targeting EP300 would suppress AML growth while sparing effects on normal myeloid differentiation. Methods: We studied publicly available expression and CRISPR screening databases for EP300 and CBP data in AML. We treated pediatric AML (pAML) cell lines and patient samples with the EP300/CBP HAT inhibitor A485 and the EP300-selective PROTAC [PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera]) JQAD1, and measured effects on cell growth by CellTiter-Glo, and apoptosis, differentiation, and cell cycle changes by flow cytometry. We treated pAML cells with compounds for 2 hours and performed mass spectrometry on HPLC-purified H3 proteins. Results: pAML patient samples have higher EP300 expression than normal bone marrow samples in the TARGET dataset, and AML cell lines have enhanced dependency on EP300 over CBP by CRISPR knockout analysis. Treatment of pAML cell lines with A485 slowed proliferation and induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and differentiation. In contrast, equimolar concentrations of JQAD1 had more marked antileukemic effects in both pAML cell lines and primary samples. Immunoblotting analysis demonstrated reduced H3K27ac in pAML cells treated with both JQAD1 and A485, but EP300 degradation only with treatment with JQAD1, consistent with findings in other cancer models. Studies on the effects of EP300 degradation versus combined EP300/CBP inhibition on global and SE-regulated gene expression are ongoing. Middle-down mass spectrometry recapitulates decreased H3K27 acetylation with both agents. JQAD1 combined with the BCL2 inhibitor Venetoclax has a synergistic effect on cell line and patient sample growth, with coordinate induction of apoptosis and differentiation. A four-arm study of this combination in a pAML patient-derived xenograft model is ongoing. Conclusion: Selective degradation of EP300 using the PROTAC JQAD1 is a new strategy that demonstrates preclinical efficacy in pAML as a single agent and in combination with BCL2 inhibitors. Citation Format: Joanna S. Yi, Kevin Duong, Abiola Obawemimo, Tingjian Wang, Faith Joseph, Nicolas L. Young, Stephen Mack, Jun Qi, Adam Durbin. Targeting the writers of enhancers as a new therapeutic strategy in pediatric AML. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3729.

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A number of feminist critics of Latin American women writers in exile have suggested that women in exile may flourish as they are freed from the traditional gender restrictions imposed on them in their home countries. In this article I reexamine the association of exile with liberation through analysing Cristina Peri Rossi’s 1984 novel La nave de los locos ( The Ship of Fools) in the light of the tension between Rosi Braidotti’s Deleuzian affirmation of feminism as a ‘joyful nomadic force’ (1994: 8) and Sara Ahmed’s critique of compulsory happiness (2010). Peri Rossi juxtaposes the prescriptive worldview of the captivating medieval ‘Tapestry of the Creation’ in the Cathedral of Girona in Catalonia, which depicts the Biblical story of Genesis, and the diasporic and unpredictable wanderings of the protagonist Ecks on his journey to feminist enlightenment. I argue that while the novel seems to champion nomadic subjectivity, it also highlights the deceptive charm of imperative positive affect that may function as a disciplinary force, compelling subjects to follow a conventional path in life, and invalidating those who ‘stray’ from it. My reading of the novel calls for a nuanced approach to exile and diaspora that takes into account wider questions of the privilege and ease of movement – or, indeed, settling – enjoyed by or denied to various subjects.

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In designing and assessing pavement performance, the uncertainty in material properties and geometrical variables of pavement and in traffic and environmental actions should be considered. A single factor is employed to deal with these uncertainties in the current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) guide for design of pavements. However, use of this single factor may not ensure reliability-consistent pavement design and assessment because different random variables that may have different degrees of uncertainty affect the safety and performance of pavement differently. Similar problems associated with structural design have been recognized by code writers and dealt with using partial safety factors or load resistance factors. The present study is focused on evaluating a set of partial safety factors to be used in conjunction with the flexible pavement deterioration model in the Ontario pavement analysis of cost and the model in the AASHTO guide for evaluating the flexible pavement performance or serviceability. Evaluation and probabilistic analyses are carried out using the first-order reliability method and simple simulation technique. The results of the analysis were used to suggest factors that could be used, in a partial safety factor format, for designing or assessing flexible pavement conditions to achieve a specified target safety level.Key words: deterioration, reliability, pavement, serviceability, stochastic process, performance, partial safety factor.

Abstract:

Abstract Epigenetic modifications are dynamic and reversible processes that regulate gene expression without altering the underlying sequence of the DNA. Gene expression is instead controlled by modification to the chromatin including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodeling. The proteins that perform these epigenetic modifications can be divided into three classes: writers, which perform the modifications; readers, which recognize the modifications; and erasers, which remove the modifications. While essential for normal cellular function, abnormal expression or alteration of the proteins involved in epigenetic regulation can lead to disease, such as cancer. As a result, epigenetic modifiers present attractive targets for the discovery and development of novel therapeutics. At Reaction Biology we offer a suite of services to enable epigenetic drug including the largest panel for epigenetic screening and profiling in the industry and biochemical and biophysical technologies to evaluate inhibition, potency, target occupancy, and even binding modes. Here we highlight our biophysical platform surface plasmon resonance (SPR) using the epigenetic target PRMT5 as an example. SPR was used to measure the binding kinetics of several small molecule inhibitors of PRMT5 and explore their distinct binding modes. Citation Format: Rebecca Eells, Lynn K. Baker, Christopher Bray, Haiching Ma. Probing PRMT5 inhibitors with distinct binding modes using surface plasmon resonance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2921.

Abstract:

In 1980, American Psychiatrists Association announced that trauma is a mental disorder under the term of PTSD. By that time, trauma became a popular field of study for the literary scholars specially literary critics such as Cathy Caruth, as it offered new insights into traditional literary criticism. The increase of psychological and physical violence all over the world, in the last twenty years has made trauma and witness inevitable realities of life. The evident role of “testimony” and “talking cure” had already been demonstrated by scholars such as Sigmund Freud; but then it has become clear that literature can reflect and even cure the unspeakable pains of trauma victims. This article is an attempt to show that Shakespeare‟s Othello is affected by different sorts of unresolved traumas such as racial and war traumas. The writers of this paper have tried to show that the unresolved traumas of a tragic hero can cause tragic ends and affect other characters in the play. The findings of this article might bring about a change in the way we discover and treat the trauma victims. The main conclusion which can be drawn from this research is that not being appropriately heard and diagnosed, Othello, a representative of real racial trauma victims, is bewildered in the clash of knowing and not knowing, between the knowledge of a past event and the inability to understand its frequent reenactments; and this leads to his tragic end.

Abstract:

Academic Writer is a digital learning tool designed by the American Psychological Association (APA) to enhance traditional learning and teaching methods. Originally launched in 2016 as APA Style Central and rebranded in 2019, APA’s Academic Writer supports curricula requiring the APA style of writing and citation.

Abstract:

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder caused by high blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production in pancreatic β-cells. Due to its fastest-growing public health concerns worldwide, it is important to evaluate metabolic profile abnormalities before pre-diabetes or T2DM to anticipate and prevent disease progression. The purpose of the study was to examine the metabolite biomarkers by systematic review and meta-analysis to support early detection of pre-diabetes and T2DM. Methodology: Studies published from the earliest online through May 31, 2023, were searched in the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and Scopus. Article titles, abstracts, and complete texts were reviewed after duplicate records were eliminated. Two writers (Long and Yang) created the following inclusion criteria for the publications before literature screening: The study was conducted on humans, did not involve gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), or subjects under 18 years old, included a diabetic or prediabetes group, and followed international diagnostic guidelines (American Diabetes Association, 2013). Findings: The study aimed to review the biomarkers that have been utilized for diabetes in previous research. The comparison of the biomarkers mentioned in the provided information revealed a complex interplay of factors influencing the risk and management of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). These biomarkers encompass genetic, lifestyle, environmental, and insulin-related factors, each with varying degrees of accuracy and specificity in predicting T2D risk or guiding its management. Recommendations: The research will help in spreading awareness among people regarding the identification of diabetes as understanding biomarker-based screening's economic impact can inform healthcare policies. Future studies should validate these biomarkers' diagnostic capacities across varied populations and circumstances. Assessment of these biomarkers' predictive usefulness should be done over time via longitudinal research. Understanding biomarker alterations and diabetes progression improves risk prediction.

Abstract:

-Stanley L. Engerman, B.W. Higman, Slave populations of the British Caribbean, 1807-1834. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, Johns Hopkins Studies in Atlantic History and Culture, 1984. xxxiii + 781 pp.-Susan Lowes, Gad J. Heuman, Between black and white: race, politics, and the free coloureds in Jamaica, 1792-1865. Westport CT: Greenwood Press, Contributions in Comparative Colonial Studies No. 5, 1981. 20 + 321 pp.-Anthony Payne, Lester D. Langley, The banana wars: an inner history of American empire, 1900-1934. Lexington KY: University Press of Kentucky, 1983. VIII + 255 pp.-Roger N. Buckley, David Geggus, Slavery, war and revolution: the British occupation of Saint Domingue, 1793-1798. New York: The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1982. xli + 492 pp.-Gabriel Debien, George Breathett, The Catholic Church in Haiti (1704-1785): selected letters, memoirs and documents. Chapel Hill NC: Documentary Publications, 1983. xii + 202 pp.-Alex Stepick, Michel S. Laguerre, American Odyssey: Haitians in New York City. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1984. 198 pp-Andres Serbin, H. Michael Erisman, The Caribbean challenge: U.S. policy in a volatile region. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1984. xiii + 208 pp.-Andres Serbin, Ransford W. Palmer, Problems of development in beautiful countries: perspectives on the Caribbean. Lanham MD: The North-South Publishing Company, 1984. xvii + 91 pp.-Carl Stone, Anthony Payne, The politics of the Caribbean community 1961-79: regional integration among new states. Oxford: Manchester University Press, 1980. xi + 299 pp.-Evelyne Huber Stephens, Michael Manley, Jamaica: struggle in the periphery. London: Third World Media, in association with Writers and Readers Publishing Cooperative Society, 1982. xi + 259 pp.-Rhoda Reddock, Epica Task Force, Grenada: the peaceful revolution. Washington D.C., 1982. 132 pp.-Rhoda Reddock, W. Richard Jacobs ,Grenada: the route to revolution. Havana: Casa de Las Americas, 1979. 157 pp., Ian Jacobs (eds)-Jacqueline Anne Braveboy-Wagner, Andres Serbin, Geopolitica de las relaciones de Venezuela con el Caribe. Caracas: Fundación Fondo Editorial Acta Cientifica Venezolana, 1983.-Idsa E. Alegria-Ortega, Jorge Heine, Time for decision: the United States and Puerto Rico. Lanham MD: North-South Publishing Co., 1983. xi + 303 pp.-Richard Hart, Edward A. Alpers ,Walter Rodney, revolutionary and scholar: a tribute. Los Angeles: Center for Afro-American Studies and African Studies Center, University of California, 1982. xi + 187 pp., Pierre-Michel Fontaine (eds)-Paul Sutton, Patrick Solomon, Solomon: an autobiography. Trinidad: Inprint Caribbean, 1981. x + 253 pp.-Paul Sutton, Selwyn R. Cudjoe, Movement of the people: essays on independence. Ithaca NY: Calaloux Publications, 1983. xii + 217 pp.-David Barry Gaspar, Richard Price, To slay the Hydra: Dutch colonial perspectives on the Saramaka wars. Ann Arbor MI: Karoma Publishers, 1983. 249 pp.-Gary Brana-Shute, R. van Lier, Bonuman: een studie van zeven religieuze specialisten in Suriname. Leiden: Institute of Cultural and Social Studies, ICA Publication no. 60, 1983. iii + 132 pp.-W. van Wetering, Charles J. Wooding, Evolving culture: a cross-cultural study of Suriname, West Africa and the Caribbean. Washington: University Press of America 1981. 343 pp.-Humphrey E. Lamur, Sergio Diaz-Briquets, The health revolution in Cuba. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1983. xvii + 227 pp.-Forrest D. Colburn, Ramesh F. Ramsaran, The monetary and financial system of the Bahamas: growth, structure and operation. Mona, Jamaica: Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, 1984. xiii + 409 pp.-Wim Statius Muller, A.M.G. Rutten, Leven en werken van de dichter-musicus J.S. Corsen. Assen, The Netherlands: Van Gorcum, 1983. xiv + 340 pp.-Louis Allaire, Ricardo E. Alegria, Ball courts and ceremonial plazas in the West Indies. New Haven: Department of Anthropology of Yale University, Yale University Publications in Anthropology No. 79, 1983. lx + 185 pp.-Kenneth Ramchand, Sandra Paquet, The Novels of George Lamming. London: Heinemann, 1982. 132 pp.

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The growth of black fraternal associations is closely intertwined with the larger history of voluntary associations in American society. In the aftermath of the American Revolution, compared to its European counterparts, the United States soon gained a reputation as “a nation of joiners.” As early as the 1830s, the Frenchman Alexis de Tocqueville described the proliferation of voluntary associations as a hallmark of American democracy. In his view, such associations distinguished America from the more hierarchically organized societies of Western Europe. “The citizen of the United States,” Tocqueville (1947 [1835]: 109) declared, “is taught from his earliest infancy to rely upon his own exertions in order to resist the evils and the difficulties of life; he looks upon social authority with an eye of mistrust and anxiety, and he only claims its assistance when he is quite unable to shift without it.” Near the turn of the twentieth century, a writer for theNorth American Reviewdescribed the final decades of the nineteenth century as the “Golden Age of Fraternity” (Harwood 1897).

Abstract:

The peculiarities of literary principles of American Writer R. Bradbury represented by the author’s self-reflective views on the techniques of stimulating the subconscious, the peculiarities of memory and imagination activity in the process of writing are analyzed in the given article. It is revealed that the word-association process introduced by R. Bradbury echoes the method of free association of Z. Freud. The application of the word-association method led R. Bradbury to the idea that the subconscious for the literary person is a source of unique ideas and a stimulant of creative process. In addition, Bradbury used special techniques (lists of words, self-revelation) in order to activate his subconscious, to make it supply the level of conscious with thoughts, ideas and memories that are usually hidden in the depths of the subconscious. These elements of the creative process stimulate the writer’s imagination by activating the work of the subconscious and memory by making specific connections between these elements aiming to create new literary meanings.

Abstract:

This article assesses the work of Dorothy Parker (1893–1967) and Marianne Moore (1887–1972) in relation to the aesthetic category of whimsy. It considers how whimsy has been used as a term of dismissal for American women poets, outlines ways both writers’ receptions have been informed by this context, and explores questions of cost, worth, and value raised by their work. It situates whimsy in relation to Sianne Ngai’s account of diminutive modes in Our Aesthetic Categories (2015) and suggests why American women’s modernist poetry can be a useful context for exploring the aesthetic and cultural associations of whimsy.

Abstract:

Marcus Cunliffe (1922–1990) was incontestably an important figure in American studies. In the early part of his academic career he helped to found the subject area in Britain, and he was later both awarded professorial appointments at the Universities of Manchester and Sussex and elected to the chairmanship of the British Association for American Studies, from which positions he served as a personal inspiration and professional mentor to several “generations” of UK American studies academics. Those who knew him and worked with him were invariably struck by his tall good looks, charisma and charm – characteristics that no doubt also contributed to his successful career, in Britain and in the United States, first as a visiting scholar, and later, during his final years, as the occupant of an endowed chair at George Washington University in Washington, DC. As the correspondence in his papers attest, he was held in high – and warm – regard by many of the leading US historians of his heyday. More might be said about his charm here because it also permeates his writing and persists there as a kind of afterglow, and not only for those who encountered him in person – but this essay is a critical reconsideration of his published work that, though appreciative, at least aspires towards objectivity.

Abstract:

Abstract Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is a dynamic reversible epitranscriptomic modification that includes methyl transferases (writes m6A), demethylases (erases m6A) and reader proteins, which proofreads m6A marks of a specific site of transcripts. Recent studies have suggested that RNA methylation affects several fundamental cellular and molecular functions including mRNA splicing, stability, export, stem cell fate, circadian rhythms, DNA repair and cell survival. The objective of this study is to establish the mechanisms by which RNA demethylase ALKBH5 (AlkB homolog 5) facilitates tumor growth and progression. Methods: To establish the significance of RNA methylation in children’s cancers, we performed siRNA screen targeting m6A writers, erasers, and readers in osteosarcoma (OS). We used several OS cell lines including 143B, MG63, SaOS2, U2OS and multiple patient derived OS cell lines. Mechanistic studies were conducted using ALKBH5 KO and knockdown cells and by measuring the status of Autophagy and UPR associated proteins using Western blot analysis, confocal and electron microscopy. Results: Our results revealed that depletion of ALKBH5, a demethylase that erases the m6A mark from the target gene, altered the autophagy in OS cells. Interestingly, we found that level of LC3, which is the universal marker for autophagy, was significantly increased in OS cells. RNA seq analysis showed that depletion of ALKBH5 significantly altered several autophagy related genes in the OS cells. To better understand the molecular mechanism by which ALKBH5 regulates autophagy, we investigated the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress-induced Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) pathway, which is a known activator of autophagy. We discovered that ER stress induced UPR signaling pathway is highly activated in ALKBH5 depleted cancer cells. Further, mechanistic studies suggested that ALKBH5 promoted ER homeostasis by controlling the expression of ER lipid raft associated 1 (ERLIN1), which binds to the activated inositol 1, 4, 5,-triphosphate receptor and facilitates its degradation via ERAD to maintain calcium flux between ER and mitochondria. Using functional studies and electron microscopy, we show that ALKBH5-ERLIN1-IP3R-dependent calcium signaling modulates the activity of AMP kinase, and consequently mitochondrial biogenesis. These findings thus reveal that ALKBH5 serves an important role in maintaining ER homeostasis and cellular fitness. Conclusion: These findings provide novel insight into how m6A may promote cancer cell growth by regulating the crosstalk among ER signaling, UPR, autophagy, and mitochondrial function. Our study is the first to show that RNA methylation plays an important role in osteosarcoma by regulating autophagy via UPR. Citation Format: Panneerdoss Subbarayalu, Daisy Medina, Pooja Yadav, Santosh Timilsina, Kunal Baxi, Ratna Vadlamudi, Yidong Chen, Manjeet Rao. ALKBH5 promotes cancer growth by regulating ER homeostasis via UPR, autophagy, and mitochondrial function. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3528.

Abstract:

Abstract A national survey of members of the Garden Writers Association of America (GWAA) indicated that Garden Writers tend to distribute their gardening communications within their state of residence and to a lesser extent, nationally. The most widely used media by Garden Writers were newspapers, magazines and television. The three types of plant material information that generated greatest consumer response for Garden Writers were low maintenance plants, herbaceous perennials, and new plant varieties. The type of services or information that Garden Writers valued the most were new plant releases, current pest problems in their area, and a listing of local suppliers of new plant varieties. Garden Writers maintain home gardens (97.3%) and most evaluate new plant varieties (88.1%) in their garden.

Abstract:

‘Some editors are failed writers, but so are most writers.’ TS Eliot (1888–1965) Have you ever wondered what medical journal editors do? Most editors in the medical field are unpaid and the work is part of the wider culture of service provided by so many in the medical profession. Together with the editorial board and the publisher, an editor will decide the direction of the journal. For instance, decisions are made about what sort of material should be published. One of the most common tasks, however, is the daily screening of manuscripts submitted for publication, many of which are rejected without peer review owing to poor quality, redundant material or the subject of the article being beyond the scope of the journal. After deciding which peer reviewers to send an article to, the editor must make a final decision on a manuscript, which may not necessarily concur with the advice given by the reviewers. With this comes a huge amount of personal responsibility and one to the organisation the editor represents. Take the example of George Lundberg, the editor of JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, who was fired from his position after 17 years with the alleged faux pas of rushing to publish an article to coincide with the Clinton impeachment hearings ‘to extract political leverage.’ Lundberg published research showing that 60% of college students surveyed in 1991 did not think that engaging in oral sex was classed as actually ‘having sex.’ 1 While neither the methods used in the survey nor the results were disputed, the timing of the publication at an awkward political juncture was. Extrapolating this, editors are therefore not just responsible for the content of what is published but also the impact of publications in the wider arena. Editors must also handle a great deal of correspondence, including author queries and complaints, and respond to them in a timely manner. Communication with the team, the publisher, authors and readers is a vital skill. Finally, the editor needs to deal with the journal’s ethical policy when examples of plagiarism, author disputes or other forms of misconduct are evident. Breaches of publication ethics are forms of scientific misconduct that can undermine science and challenge editors, many of whom have little formal training in this field. In this respect, the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), founded in 1997 as a voluntary body, has become a central player. COPE provides a discussion forum and advice as well as guidelines for scientific editors with the aim of finding practical ways to deal with forms of misconduct. The Annals is a member of COPE and follows its code of conduct for journal editors. 2 It is a privilege that the current chair of COPE, Dr Barbour, and her colleagues have written this final article in the medical publishing series about challenges in publication ethics. I hope you have found this series useful and enjoyed reading the range of articles we have published from many experts in their fields. JYOTI SHAH Commissioning Editor References 1. Sanders SA , Reinisch JM . Would you say you ‘had sex’ if…? JAMA 1999 ; 281 : 275 – 277 . 2. Committee on Publication Ethics . Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors . Harleston, UK : COPE ; 2011 .

Abstract:

Abstract Core regulatory transcription factors (CR TFs) orchestrate the placement of super enhancers (SEs) to activate transcription of cell-identity specifying gene networks and are critical in promoting cancer. We defined the core regulatory circuitry of fusion positive rhabdomyosarcoma (FP-RMS, a cancer of childhood) in primary tumors and cell lines, which includes PAX3-FOXO1 (P3F), MYOD1, SOX8, MYCN and others. To find chemical probes able to selectively inhibit CR TF transcription, we screened the Structural Genomics Consortium epigenetic probe set by RNA-seq. We found that chemical probes along the acetylation-axis, and not the methylation-axis, are able to cause selective disruption of CR TF transcription. Inhibitors of HDACs (acetylation erasers), BRD4 (acetylation readers) and CBP/p300 (acetylation writers) were all able to selectively halt CR TF transcription. For HDACs, this raised a conundrum: why would too much histone acetylation, an active chromatin mark, stop transcription at CR TFs? ChIP-seq showed that CR TFs build SEs that have the largest quantities of histone acetylation and the enzymes that write acetylation (i.e., p300), yet paradoxically also harbor the highest amounts of the opposing histone deacetylases (HDACs). To investigate the architectural effects of disabling HDACs and causing hyper acetylation, we developed Absolute Quantification of Architecture (AQuA) HiChIP, revealing erosion of native SE contacts at CR TFs, and extensive aberrant contacts. This did not cause an elongation defect, but rather removed RNA Pol2 from core regulatory genetic elements and eliminated RNA-Pol2 phase condensates in 20 minutes. We further dissected the contribution of HDAC isoforms using a set of HDAC selective inhibitors, finding HDAC1/2/3 are co-essential to CR transcription. Using HAT inhibitors/degraders, we discovered a profound dependence on CBP/p300 for clustering of Pol2 loops that connect P3F to its target genes. In the absence of CBP/p300, Pol2 long range enhancer loops collapse, Pol2 accumulates in CpG islands and fails to exit the gene body. These results reveal a potential novel axis for therapeutic interference with P3F in FP-RMS and clarify the molecular relationship of P3F and CBP/p300 in sustaining active Pol2 clusters essential for oncogenic transcription. Overall, our data reveals a SE-specific need for balancing histone acetylation states to maintain SE architecture, Pol2 clustering in 3D, and CR TF transcription. Citation Format: Berkley E. Gryder, Diana Chin, Hyunmin Kim, Issra Osman. Histone acetylation axis in the control of RNA Pol2 clusters. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3726.

Abstract:

Norman Sims foi o primeiro palestrante principal das conferências da International Association for Literary Journalism Studies. Tido como um dos maiores especialistas sobre jornalismo literário, é um nome basilar no que toca esse gênero. Porém, é também um homem multifacetado com uma paixão pela canoagem e pela escrita sobre a história da canoa no continente norte-americano. O seu legado tem influenciado várias gerações de pesquisadores e acadêmicos que se dedicam ao jornalismo literário, também denominado jornalismo narrativo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Norman Sims; jornalismo literário, jornalismo, IALJS, Estados Unidos. ABSTRACT Norman Sims was the first keynote speaker of the conferences held by the International Association for Literary Journalism Studies. Renowned as one of the greatest specialists in literary journalism, his is an inescapable name when it comes to that journalistic genre. He is also a man of multiple interests with a passion for canoeing and a writer about the history of North-American canoes. His legacy has influenced many generations of researchers and academics dedicated to the study of literary journalism, also known as narrative journalism. KEYWORDS: Norman Sims; literary journalism; journalism; IALJS, United States of America. RESUMEN Norman Sims fue el primer orador principal de las conferencias celebradas por la Asociación Internacional de Estudios de Periodismo Literario. Reconocido como uno de los mejores especialistas en periodismo literario, el suyo es un nombre ineludible en lo que respecta a ese género periodístico. También es un hombre de múltiples intereses con una pasión por el piragüismo y un escritor sobre la historia de las canoas norteamericanas. Su legado ha influido en muchas generaciones de investigadores y académicos dedicados al estudio del periodismo literario, también conocido como periodismo narrativo. PALABRAS CLAVE: Norman Sims; periodismo literario; periodismo; IALJS, Estados Unidos.

Abstract:

Abstract Background: High grade glioma (HGG) is a devastating brain cancer with median survival of less than 18 months. The field of epitranscriptomics has emerged as a novel druggable target for multiple diseases, including cancers, with N6-methyladenosine (m6A) as the most prevalent mRNA modification. M6A levels are modified by ‘writers’ such as METTL3, METTL14 and WTAP and ‘erasers’ such as FTO and ALKBH5. The interplay between these two processes dynamically regulates the m6A modification. The fate of modified RNA is determined by the m6A-bound ‘readers’ such as YTHDF1 or YTHDF2 with rapid effects on translation and mRNA abundance. In the present study, we sought to investigate the functional importance of m6A RNA methylation in the pathogenesis and drug resistance of HGG. Methods: RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence for m6A modulators were undertaken in patient-derived HGG cell lines, paediatric HGG cells and human HGG tissues. The expression of these modulators was modified using siRNA knockdown and small molecules (such as a novel METTL3 inhibitor) to identify effects on key transcription factors in HGG. The effect of modification on stemness behaviours such as the ability to form neurospheres was also assessed. Developing chemotherapy-resistant cell lines, 3d cell culture and hypoxic cell culture were undertaken to assess associations between m6A RNA levels and the ability of HGG cells to adapt to environmental change. Measuring the level of m6A-modified transcripts were achieved by developing a MeRIP (methylated RNA immunoprecipitation) qPCR technique. An LC-MS/MS based protocol was developed to quantify m6A levels on poly-A+-enriched RNA. Results: We found that key m6A RNA methylation effectors such as METTL3, FTO and WTAP are expressed at significantly higher level in HGG cell lines and tissues than in control cells (astrocytes) at both gene and protein levels. LC-MS/MS and immunofluorescence showed an increase in the level of m6A in paediatric HGG compared with normal brain. Furthermore, knockdown of METTL3, FTO and WTAP affects the expression of key transcription factors in self-renewal, cell cycle regulation and tumorigenesis including FOXM1, nestin and SOX2. Depletion of m6A mediators also reduces the ability of cells to form neurospheres, increases apoptosis and suppresses invasion. Moreover, chemical inhibition of METTL3 and FTO was associated with a downregulation in the expression of oncogenes, reduction in neurosphere size and increase in apoptosis. Inhibitors of m6A effectors also sensitize HGG cell lines to the effect of chemotherapeutic agents such as temozolomide. LC-MS/MS data revealed dose-response change in m6A levels in cells treated with different concentrations of these inhibitors. Conclusion: These findings suggest a key role for RNA methylation in phenotypic plasticity in HGG, and could represent a new avenue for developing effective treatment strategies, with targeted inhibition of METTL3 showing promise. Citation Format: Masar Radhi, Jonathan Rowlinson, Nigel Halliday, Simon Deacon, Ella Collinson, Helen Knight, Dong-Hyun Kim, Stuart James Smith. m6A RNA methylation as a therapeutic target in high grade glioma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2234.

Abstract:

In Done into Dance: Isadora Duncan in America, Ann Daly writes that Isadora Duncan defined her dance as high art, and describes how Duncan raised the dance from the bottom of the cultural landscape to the top of American society: Dancing was considered cheap, so she associated herself with the great Greeks, who deemed the art noble, and she associated herself with upper-class audiences by carefully courting her patrons and selecting her performance venues. Dancing was considered mindless, so she invoked a pantheon of great minds, from Darwin to Whitman and Plato to Nietzsche, to prove otherwise. Dancing was considered feminine, and thus trivial, so she chose her liaisons and mentors—men whose cultural or economic power accrued, by association, to her. Dancing was considered profane, so she elevated her own practice by contrasting it to that of “African primitives.” The fundamental strategy of Duncan's project to gain cultural legitimacy for dancing was one of exclusion. (Daly 1995, 16)

Abstract:

This article examines two neo-Victorian novels by American writers—Valerie Martin’s Mary Reilly (1990) and Elaine Bergstrom’s Blood to Blood (2000)—which “write back” to Robert Louis Stevenson’s Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886) and Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1897), respectively. Both novels ostensibly critique the socio-cultural inequalities of Victorian London, particularly for women, immigrants, and the working class, and the gender and class politics and structures of the original texts. However, as this article demonstrates, the presence of invented Irish female servants as key figures in these “re-visionary” narratives also undermines some aspects of this critique. Despite acting as gothic heroines, figures who traditionally uncover patriarchal abuses, these servant characters also facilitate their employers’ lives and negotiations of the supernatural (with varying degrees of success), while also themselves becoming associated with gothic monstrosity, via their extended associations with Irish-Catholic violence and barbarity on both sides of the Atlantic. This article therefore argues that Irish servant figures in neo-Victorian texts by American writers function as complex signifiers of pastness and barbarity, but also of assimilation and progressive modernization. Indeed, the more “Irish” the servant, the better equipped she will be to help her employer navigate the world of the supernatural.